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Contents : OPEN ARCHIVING FOR OPEN RESEARCH: How to Free the Scholarly and Scientific Research Literature Online Through Public Self-Archiving Stevan Harnad Intelligence/Agents/Multimedia Group Department of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UNITED KINGDOM harnad@cogsci.soton.ac.uk http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/ harnad/ It is a foregone conclusion that all refereed journals will soon be available online most of them already are. This means that one can access them from any networked desk-top. The literature will all be interconnected by citation author and keyword/subject links allowing for unheard-of power and ease of access and navigability. Successive drafts of pre-refereeing preprints will be linked to the official refereed draft as well as to any subsequent corrections revisions updates comments responses and underlying empirical databases all enhancing the self-correctiveness and interactiveness of scholarly and scientific research and communication in remarkable new ways. But there is still one last frontier to cross before science reaches the optimal and the inevitable: Just as there is no longer any need to be constrained by the access-blocking restrictions of paper distribution there is no longer any need to be constrained by the access-blocking financial fire-walls of Subscription/Site-License/Pay-Per-View (S/L/P) tolls for this give-away literature that its authors have always donated for free (and its referees have refereed for free) with the sole goal of maximizing their impact on research (by accessing the eyes and minds of fellow-research) and hence on society. Authors can now self-archive their refereed papers publicly in Open Archives http://www.openarchives.org/ for free. This will usher in the optimal and the inevitable: Journal publication will down-size to just implementing the service of Quality-Control and Certification (QC/C through peer review and editing) which will be paid for up-front at the author-institution end out of only a small portion (about $300 per paper) of the annual savings from the cancellation of all S/L/P tolls at the reader-institution end. Journal publishers are best advised to prepare for and accommodate the optimal/inevitable solution for science in the new era of "Scholarly Skywriting " rather than to try to delay or block it via restrictive submissions and copyright policies that merely amplify the conflict of interest inherent in the revolutionary possibilities for scholarly and scientific communication opened up by the PostGutenberg Galaxy. Here are the logic and pragmatics of this path to the optimal and inevitable in the PostGutenberg Galaxy: (1) At the very outset it is important to make it explicit that these considerations apply ONLY to the refereed journal literature not to books or magazines. http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/ harnad/THES/thes.html (2) Unlike all other authors refereed-journal-authors write these papers to report their research ideas and findings not to make money (royalties fees) from the sale of their texts. All they want is to reach the eyes and minds of a maximum of fellow researchers present and future once their findings have passed peer review so as to maximize the research impact of their work. http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/ harnad/nature2.html (3) They accordingly give their papers away for free to their publishers and after peer review give away free reprints to all who request them. http://amsci-forum.amsci.org/archives/september-forum.html (4) Online self-archiving now makes it possible for these highly atypical authors to give away their refereed reprints free to one and all forever on the broadest possible scale. http://www.arl.org/scomm/subversive/toc.html (5) Publishers should in no way to attempt to prevent free self-archiving by authors by trying to forbid it in copyright agreements. This is the eye of the storm. See: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/ harnad/science.html http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/ harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad00.scinejm.htm (6) The American Physical Society has already provided a model copyright policy: Authors may self-archive both the unrefereed preprint and the refereed reprint for free for all. The Publisher retains all rights to SELL either the paper or online version of the journal. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/help/copyright.html (7) The effect of online author self-archiving will be a transition of the reader/user community to the free online versions of all refereed papers. http://xxx.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/show monthly submissions http://xxx.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/show weekly graph (8) Eventually this will produce cancellation pressure on Subscription/Site-License/Pay-Per-View S/L/P (although it has not done so yet in Physics where it is most advanced). If/when it does publishers will have to restructure and down-size so as to provide only a SERVICE Quality-Control and Certification QC/C peer review editing tagging as ac

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