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Contents : Celebrating Geographical Diversity Proceedings of the HERODOT Conference in Ayvalik Turkey 28-31 May 2009 Edited by Karl Donert Yilmaz Ari Maria Attard Gerry O'Reilly Daneila Schmeinck Conference organiser: Yilmaz Ari Cover design: Sebastian Tyszkowski Published by: The Herodot Thematic Network e-mail: herodot3@ymail.com http://www.herodot.net In collaboration with EUROGEO Liverpool Hope University and Balikesir University HERODOT Thematic Network The HERODOT Project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This Publication reflects the views only those who participated in the network conference the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 1 Contents Section 1: Cultural Diversity Diversity and Symbolism of the Cultural Patrimony of the Aranjuez Royal Palace (Spain) Geographic Diversity from an Artistic Perspective Ethnic Diversity and its importance for the Vojvodina Region Cultural Diversity and Nature: Nature conservation at Kazdagi National Park Turkey Images are coloured words in a multi-coloured world Section 2: Educational Diversity Windows on the World: Global Citizenship in Dutch Education Using Problem-Based Learning to teach retailing and consumption geographies Diversity of didactic approaches in teaching Geography Reading Landscapes Identity and Citizenship Issues: discovered by students on a fieldwork visit to Belfast Becoming Geographers promoting skills and citizenship in undergraduate fieldwork Geography teacher quality and effectiveness: Lower Secondary School Students' points of view Scales of European Citizenship: how young European students see their future Global Climate Change Education in Turkey Do Polish Universities value Geography in the 21st Century A Case for Geography and English Integrated Studies Environmental study of landscape dynamics Exploiting Research-based learning Resources Under the new Geography Curriculum in China Place of the interactive whiteboard in higher education of the Polish educational system The Role of Geography in the Primary Schools curriculum: Example of Turkey Section 3: Environmental Diversity Possibilities for Environmental Education at the Department of Geography The role of students as change agents in identifying perceived barriers and gateways to achieving sustainability at a UK university Between Fear and Fascination: An empirical Study on Risk Perception concerning Global Warming Natural Resources and Education for Sustainable Development The Influence of Short-Term Environmental Education on Graduate Students: an example from Kaz Dagi National Park Turkey Shades of forested landscape in a megacity of developing world: synthesising structural and functional patterns Geography of Energy in the higher education the point of view of young geographers Section 4: Geographical Diversity Austria and Turkey: their burden of histories Consumption and City Fragmentation Making Representations of Diversity in Vilnius Capital of the most peripheral central region in Europe Indicators of sustainable urban development: A review of urban regeneration projects in Karachi Pakistan Diverse Approaches to the Importance of Geography: the Death of Geography or 4 4 11 17 24 30 37 37 42 51 58 63 69 75 82 87 93 99 104 109 113 119 119 125 133 138 144 150 155 161 161 168 176 183 188 2 Geography Matters in the Information Age! Field Project: Crossing the Czech and Austrian Border On the origins of cities in the Near East and their implications today Cross-Border Co-operationbetween Bulgaria and Turkey (Cultural and and Historical Heritage Diversity Opportunities for Tourism) Parallels in nature and culture diversity of the European and Asian Southern Peninsulas Regional Development and Spatial Planning in Bulgaria: geographical perspectives The Main GeotourIsm Resources of Turkey Celebrating Linguistic Diversity or accepting an English-Only' Europe Turkish Political History and Geographical Context Water Reservoir Management and Nature Reserve Functioning Jeziorsko Reservoir (Central Poland) A New Proposal for Environmental Safeguarding of the Coastal Zone The Spatial Dimension of Human-Wildlife Conflicts Discoveries of New Animal Geography Section 5: Geotechnological Diversity Practical Aspects of Project Based Interdisciplinary Teaching with GIS Diversity of approaches to using geoinformatics in public education: the case of Slovenia iGuess: Introducing GIS Use in Education in Several Subjects GIS In Pre-Vocational Secondary Education Teaching a Progression of Courses in Geographic Information Science at Higher Education Institutions IT to promote Europe in Primary School Geoinformation support of derived mapping based on digital terrain model Utilization of GIS in mediaeval archaeology and historical geography A Framework to Manage the Time Dimension of GIS The Use of GIS and Remote Sensing as Information Support for Landscape Management Dynamic Data Structures for Geographic Data Digital:earth:at Centre for Teaching and Learning Geography and Geoinformatics 194 201 209 212 219 225 232 240 246 252 255 264 264 269 275 281 285 290 296 304 308 314 324 329 3 Section 1: Cultural Diversity Diversity and Symbolism of the Cultural Patrimony of the Aranjuez Royal Palace (Spain) 1 M del Carmen M nguez Garc a Department of Human Geography Complutense University of Madrid cminguez@ghis.ucm.es Abstract Any landscape is in itself a manifestation or a celebration of geographical diversity. But in countries like ours marked by a strong humanization landscapes are even more valuable. These landscapes become a great subject of study and not just for physical geographers but also for human geographers. This combination of environment and humankind throughout History has not been as successfully implemented everywhere. And that is why we have decided to concentrate and analyze the landscaping surrounding the Aranjuez Royal Place. It is a place that perfectly represents a model that is constant in most European countries where manmade construction presides over nature. As a result of this there are multiple orchards gardens and hedges around the palace and also a very peculiar baroque town. These particular conditions have given the city of Aranjuez the honour of being included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO. This landmark celebrated in 2001 has been a turning point on the way this palace has been perceived and studied. The different elements that are part of the landscape have been interpreted in order to understand its symbolism and are now also considered essential part of the Spanish national heritage. Key words: Landscape Cultural symbolism patrimony UNESCO Introduction In recent years geographers have learned to use the landscape of an area to understand the history and culture of a place not only at a specific moment in history but over an extensive period of time when it was designed transformed and consolidated for us the landscape is capable of transmitting intellectual cultural and artistic information (Ortega 1987:118-119) since it is the result of the combination of natural surroundings and human influence. In order to apply this dual analysis of the landscape I have chosen the Royal Site of Aranjuez located in the Madrid Region Spain since it was the place chosen by the Spanish monarchs to install one of their residences in 1171. There is a distinguished physical landscape in Aranjuez marked by the joining of the Tajo and Jarama rivers the first of which runs through some thirty kilometres of this territory. In addition this fluvial presence has been crucial in the shaping of the agricultural lands which are dominated by nutrient-rich clay soils excellent for growing a variety of crops (G mez Mendoza et al. 1999). In the second place this is a strongly humanized landscape with several historic landmarks most noteworthy of which is the Ilustraci n (s. XVIII) and it has been exactly this human intervention which has shaped 1 This call forms part of the Recent dynamics and strategies of intervention in national heritage destinations research project. Ministry of Education and Science. I+D+I (2004-2007) National Plan. Reference: SEJ2006-10898/GEOG. Director: M.A. Troiti o Vinuesa. 4 the landscape over nine centuries causing it to be transformed in conjunction with the changes of society creating symbolic spaces. In consideration of all this the Royal Site of Aranjuez is a palimpsest in which a variety of elements come together to create a geographic reality with which not only do its inhabitants identify but with which we should all identify since it is ranked as a Cultural Landscape on the world Heritage List as it satisfies the following criteria 2: Criterion ii: Aranjuez represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field and criterion iv: The complex designed cultural landscape of Aranjuez derived from a variety of sources mark a seminal stage in the development of landscape design. The fact that it was awarded this ranking pays tribute to a universal value that comes from the balance between culture and nature but it also demonstrates a commitment that all institutions should have to conserving the landscape which should not be viewed as a burden for the local government but rather it should be taken as an element that foments development so as to convert it into a local treasure which can attract tourism. Because of all this it is essential to understand and appreciate the landscape and territorial characteristics of this place. Methodology for the analysis of the landscape diversity of Aranjuez The territory is of great importance in the study of the environmental and landscape dimensions of Aranjuez (Comunidad de Madrid and al 2001). To research at a deeper level an exhaustive study has been carried out which has categorized the Territorial and Landscape Units which have been recorded on separate reports which in addition to aiding comprehension and interpretation of the territory facilitate the understanding of many processes and problems. This is a tool that has up until now been used primarily in the field of Physical Geography and in Territorial Planning and which presents a unique approach and methodology for research to discover the integral essence of the landscape (M nguez 2008). The Landscape and Territorial Units have been analysed separately taking into account their problems and their physiognomic natural socioeconomic and dynamic characteristics with two scales of analysis. The first a minor one which permits a more general approach to the natural elements and the other which gives results of greater detail that facilitates the study of the Landscape Units. Each of the landscape units that come from this study refer to a specific place which is unique due to the singular combination of its human and natural aspects as well as the criteria followed for its definition (topography litho logy and types of soils and its inhabitants functional and structural elements like the property of the land exploitation systems and the type of occupation) (M nguez 2008). The structure of these documents reflects different contents according to whether they refer to the Territorial Units or the Landscape ones. In the first ones of a total of five a variety of urban historic and physical (relief vegetation human presence) traits are identified. In each one a series of Landscape Units are identified which total thirteen which are the result of a combination of its uses functions urban structures natural surroundings land exploitation and their repercussions on the environment (Troiti o et al 1999). To create their content 2 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1044 5

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