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Contents : Report and Opinion 2010 2(2) LEAD TOXICITY IN BULL Mona S. Zaki(1) Nabila El Batrawy (2) Olfat M. Fawzi (3) and Nagwa S. Ataa(4) (1) Dept. of Hydrobiology N.R.C. (2) Dep. of microbiology Animal Reproduction Research Inst. (3) Dept. of Biochemistry N.R.C. (4) Department of microbiology N.R.C olfatdarwish@yahoo.com Abstract: The problem of lead toxicity originated in a private farm in El- Katta Giza governorate due to ingestion of plant polluted with lead. About 8 out of 50 bull animals showed lead toxicity. The animal s age was 6 months. The animals suffered from depression pressing head against objects dilatation of eye pupils total blindness (in 2 cases) with normal light reflex in both eyes edema in briskets enteritis with bloody diarrhea and pupil dilation. Also there were lacrimation pale dirty mucous membrane and sunken eyes. Serum analysis from these animals revealed high lead concentration. In addition too significant decrease in the levels of testosterone LH FSH. PCV haemoglobin R.B.C.s and total proteins were also decreased. Highly degeneration of kidney and liver accompanied with elevation of AST ALT Urea creatinine cortisol sodium and potassium. Moreover Sterptococcus sp. S. epidermidis and S. Aeruginosa were isolated. We conclude that the cause of animals morbidity and mortality in this farm was not due to bacterial infections but due to lead toxicity and we can say that polluted environment especially with lead can cause severe harm to animal health in addition to serious danger on human health by eating food polluted with lead. Report and Opinion. 2010 2(2):62-66 . (ISSN: 1553-9873). Keywords: Lead toxicity in bull environmental pollution biochemical and microbial changes environmental contamination and also for food contamination from polluted animal 7 . Introduction Lead is a major environmental pollutant and its toxicity continues to be a major public health problems and there is a growing consensus that lead cause toxic injury to human at a level of exposure that was considered to be safe only a decade ago. As the chronic exposure to lead even at low levels can result in slow progressive in most of time irreversible damage to haematopoeitic nervous and renal systems 1 . Recent researches predicted that high levels of toxic metals in scalp hair due to environmental pollution in addition to deficiency in trace metals play a role in the development of heart diseases 2 . In recent years research efforts are directed towards quantification of the impact of lead exposure on human health particularly from environment. The diagnosis based on blood lead levels doesn't always give an accurate estimate of total body burden of lead so it's important to detect subcellular damage using reliable sensitive biomarkers 3 . Animals are very good indicator of the environmental pollution as they inhabit the same space as humans and are exposed to the action of the same pollutants for that reason it's appropriate and advantageous to evaluate the negative impact of the polluted environment by heavy metals and their influences load on human health by parallel evaluation of their load on animals 4 5 so measuring of lead in blood animals 6 in cows and especially in lactating one proved to be a good indicator of Materials & Methods: Animals: 8 young bull of 6 months old were used in the present study. They were obtained from a private farm in El-Katta "Giza governorate". The animals suffered from depression pressing head against objects dilatation of eye pupils total blindness (in 2 cases) with normal papillary light reflex in both eyes edema in briskets enteritis with bloody diarrhea and papillary dilation. Also there were lacrimation pale dirty mucous membrane and sunken eyes. Haematological studies: Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on EDTA as anticoagulant for determination of Hb PVC ESR RBC s count and WBC s count according to 8 . Biochemical and Hormonal studies: The activities of aspartic aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as cholesterol urea and creatinine levels were determined 62 Report and Opinion 2010 2(2) according to the method of Varley et al. 9 by using commercial kits (Bio Merieus France). method of Rodrigues and Castellon 14 . Total serum protein was estimated according to Drupt 10 . Serum cortisol was analyzed by a Gamma counter using 125 I cortisol radioimmunassay kit (Baxter Health Care Corporation USA) according to the method described by Pickering and Pottinger 11 . Potassium Sodium and lead concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis: The obtained data were subjected to the student t-test according to Gad and Well 15 . RESULTS: In the present study haematological examination showed significant decrease in haemoglobin PCV and RBC s count and significant increase was found in ESR and W.B.C s

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